How to recognize the first signs of bedsores and prevent complications

Pressure ulcers, also known as decubitus ulcers, do not develop overnight – but the first symptoms are often subtle. If we recognize them early, we can prevent the condition from worsening, leading to the formation of deep and painful wounds. In this article, you will learn what to look out for and how to react quickly.

What are bedsores and why do they occur?

Pressure ulcers occur where pressure is applied to the skin for a long time – most often in people with limited mobility. The pressure blocks the flow of blood and nutrients to the tissues, leading to tissue damage.

Most commonly affected areas:

• fifth
• sacrum
• hips
• shoulder blades
• sitting area

Without timely response, a minor redness can turn into a deep, poorly healing wound.

First symptoms that you should not ignore

Skin redness (erythema)

The most common and earliest warning. If the redness does not disappear within 30 minutes after changing position, it is an incipient pressure ulcer.

Skin color change

The skin may be darker than the surrounding area, bluish, purple, or yellow

In people with darker skin, the color change may be more difficult to notice – so also monitor skin temperature and sensitivity.

Swelling and hardening

The area may be slightly swollen, hard to the touch, or soft – this indicates the beginning of damage to the subcutaneous tissue.

Sensitivity or pain

The patient may describe uncomfortable pressure, stinging, or burning , even though no wound is yet visible.

Change in skin temperature

The area may be warmer (inflammation) or cooler (poor blood supply) than the surrounding skin.

What to do when you notice the first symptoms?

✔ Relieve pressure immediately – change the patient’s position

✔ Monitor the affected area – regularly, ideally several times a day

✔ Ensure skin protection – using barrier creams, dressings or air pads

✔ Use anti-decubitus aids – mattresses, pads, seat cushions

For example, Repose® anti-decubitus products or the Toto® automatic positioning system can very effectively prevent the development of pressure ulcers.

When to seek professional help?

If redness persists, the skin is broken, or there is discharge, pain, or odor, do not delay contacting a doctor or nurse.

Early treatment is key. The sooner a pressure ulcer is caught, the less pain, complications, and costs it causes.

Summary

Pressure ulcers are not inevitable. They are a warning that the body is suffering from pressure. Be attentive to skin changes and react in time. The first symptoms are not painful – but if ignored, they lead to serious consequences.

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